Pregnancy & Diabetes

What is gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diabetes first recognized during pregnancy. It occurs because pregnancy increases insulin resistance and the body may not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood glucose.

Who is at risk of gestational diabetes?

Risk is higher with factors such as:

• Previous GDM
• Overweight or obesity
• Previous baby with high birth weight
• Family history of diabetes
• PCOS
• Previous abnormal glucose testing
• Increasing maternal age
• Certain ethnic and genetic risk factors

Can I develop diabetes during pregnancy even if I was never diabetic before?

Yes. GDM can occur in women who had normal blood glucose before pregnancy.

When is gestational diabetes usually diagnosed?

Screening is commonly performed during the middle part of pregnancy, although women at higher risk may need earlier testing.

Does gestational diabetes affect the baby?

Poorly controlled maternal blood glucose can increase pregnancy and newborn complications. Good glucose control reduces these risks.

Can gestational diabetes be controlled with diet?

Many women can improve glucose levels with appropriate nutrition, physical activity and weight-gain guidance. Some women will still require medication.

Will I need insulin if I have GDM?

Some women require insulin when lifestyle measures are insufficient to achieve pregnancy glucose targets.

Is insulin safe during pregnancy?

Insulin is commonly used during pregnancy when medication is required and can be used under appropriate medical supervision.

Can I take my usual diabetes medicines during pregnancy?

Not all diabetes medicines are appropriate during pregnancy. Medication should be reviewed before conception whenever possible.

Can I breastfeed after having gestational diabetes?

Yes. Breastfeeding has benefits for both mother and baby and is generally encouraged when medically appropriate.

Will gestational diabetes disappear after delivery?

Blood glucose often improves after delivery, but GDM increases the mother's future risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Will I get diabetes again in another pregnancy?

The risk of GDM in a future pregnancy is increased, particularly if you have had GDM before.

Do I need diabetes testing after pregnancy?

Yes. Women with GDM should have postpartum glucose assessment and ongoing diabetes screening because future risk remains elevated.