High Prolactin

What is prolactin?

Prolactin is a hormone mainly involved in breast development and milk production. It is produced by the pituitary gland.

What does a high prolactin level mean?

High prolactin, or hyperprolactinemia, can occur for several reasons, including medications, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, stress and pituitary disorders.

What are the symptoms of high prolactin?

Women may develop irregular periods, absent periods, infertility or milk discharge from the breast. Men may develop reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, infertility or low testosterone.

Can men have high prolactin?

Yes. High prolactin can affect testosterone production and fertility in men.

Why am I having milk discharge when I am not pregnant?

Milk discharge, called galactorrhea, can occur because of high prolactin, medications or other hormonal conditions. It should be evaluated if persistent or unexplained.

Can stress increase prolactin?

Physical and emotional stress can cause temporary increases in prolactin. A mildly elevated result may therefore need confirmation.

Can medicines increase prolactin?

Yes. Several medicines can increase prolactin, particularly some antipsychotic and anti-nausea medicines.

Can an underactive thyroid increase prolactin?

Yes. Untreated hypothyroidism can sometimes cause an elevated prolactin level.

Does high prolactin always mean a pituitary tumour?

No. A high prolactin level has many possible causes. Medication, pregnancy, hypothyroidism and other factors should be considered before diagnosing a pituitary tumour.