Patient education / Understanding Endocrine Tests

Understanding Endocrine Tests

HbA1c • TSH • T4 • PTH • Calcium • Vitamin D • Hormones • Cortisol • Testosterone

Blood tests are an important part of diagnosing and monitoring endocrine disorders. But a hormone result should rarely be interpreted by looking at one number alone.

The meaning of a test depends on the symptoms, timing of the test, medications, age, pregnancy status and other laboratory results.

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Select a shorter guide for answers to common questions.

Diabetes & Blood Sugar Tests

What is HbA1c? · What does my HbA1c mean?

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring

What is CGM? · What is Time in Range?

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Thyroid Tests

What is TSH? · What does a high TSH mean?

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Thyroid Antibody Tests

What is anti-TPO? · What is TRAb?

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Calcium Tests

What is serum calcium? · What does a high calcium level mean?

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PTH – Parathyroid Hormone

What is PTH? · What does a high PTH mean?

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Vitamin D

What is the vitamin D test? · Why is vitamin D important?

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Hormone Tests in Women

What is FSH? · What is LH?

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Testosterone & Male Hormone Tests

What is testosterone? · When should testosterone be measured?

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Prolactin

What is prolactin? · What causes high prolactin?

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Cortisol & Adrenal Tests

What is cortisol? · What is an 8 AM cortisol?

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IGF-1 & Growth Hormone

What is IGF-1? · Why is IGF-1 used instead of a random growth hormone test?

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Insulin & C-Peptide

What is C-peptide? · Why is C-peptide measured?

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Sodium & Potassium

Why are sodium and potassium important? · What causes low sodium?

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Why the Same Hormone Can Have Different Meanings

Why can't I compare my result directly with something I found online? · Does a result outside the reference range always mean disease?

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Do Endocrine Tests Need Special Preparation?

Read the patient guide

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Why Do Hormone Tests Need Clinical Interpretation?

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Common Myths

“My hormone is slightly high, so I definitely have a hormone disorder.” · “A normal TSH means every thyroid hormone is normal.”

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